Outlander: The Duke of Sandringham – A Jacobite? Part 1

One of the most enigmatic characters in the Outlander series is the Duke of Sandringham. More interesting is his association with Geillis Duncan. I have tried to search online for more details about them and what other readers, fans or bloggers have posted about them, but I have not been able to find much information about their relationship.This post was originally very long and somebody suggested to break it into three separate posts. As a result, I have renamed this post as Part 1.
 
In Dragonfly in Amber, the reader is left with no much information concerning the Duke’s role in the second Jacobite Uprising. Was he a Jacobite or not?  Part of it is due to the fact that Claire is in a state of shock and unable to process the information that the Duke is revealing to her in an efficient manner:

The shocks were coming thick and fast, and I hardly knew which to respond to first.  (Gabaldon 826).

“Do you mean to say you actually tried to have me killed?” The room seemed to be swaying a bit, and I took a deep gulp of tea as being the nearest thing to a restorative available. It wasn’t terribly effective. (Gabaldon 826)

 

 
As a result, she is able to correlate some of the Duke’s confessions with certain events that happened to her and Jamie while they were living in France. Claire herself does not know where the Duke’s loyalties lie, which is actually the same situation in which readers are.
 

Was he a Jacobite? So far as I could recall, the verdict of history – in the persons of Frank and the Reverend – was uncertain. So was I. (Gabaldon 830)

The letter from England

 
During the conversation with the Duke, Claire is able to acquire the following information:

“ I turned to look at the harpsichord in the corner of the room. Several sheets of music adorned its rack, written in a fine, clear hand. Fifty thousand pounds, upon the occasion of Your Highness’s setting foot in Scotland.Signed S. “S” of course, for Sandringham.  (Gabaldon 829)

 

The bolded part is exactly the translation of one of the coded messages that Jamie asked Mother Hildegarde to decipher.
 

“His Majesty’s loyal subjects of England await his lawful restoration. The sum of fifty thousand pounds is at your disposal. As an earnest of good faith, this will be paid only in person, upon His Highness’s arrival on the soil of England,” I read. “And there’s a letter left over, an S. I don’t know if that’s a signature of sorts, or only something the maker needed to make the German word come out right.”(Gabaldon 278).

When the encoded message was deciphered, the reader is only provided with the following information:

  • The letter did not come from Rome, where James III, Prince Charles’ father, resided. It came from England, which means there was a Jacobite supporter there.
  • Charles Stuart read the letter, and it seems that this information was not transmitted to James III
  • There are no references from James III’s letters regarding the identity of this supporter. 

“I had learned that you and your husband were attempting to thwart a particular affair in which I had interested myself. I considered removing your husband first instead, but it seemed too dangerous, what with his close relation to two of the greatest families in Scotland. “ (Gabaldon 828).

 
Who provided the Duke with this information? One can suspect that Mother Hildegarde accidentally revealed her role in the translation of the letter to somebody else. At least Claire and Jamie agree that she probably gave some information out, and she meant no harm in doing that because she liked Claire.
 

If this is the sort of endeavor in which your husband engages, he takes considerable risk in trusting anyone. Assure him that I am sensible of the honor,” she added dryly. (Gabaldon 278).

“I expect so. She warned me, when we decoded the music. She said what you were doing was dangerous.” The fact of just how dangerous had been lost upon me, until the hangman’s visit.  (Gabaldon 434)

 

Mother Hildegarde was an acquaintance of Herr Gerstmann, King Louise’s singing master. She probably gave this information to him, who then transmitted it to King Louise. Another option could be Mary Hawkins but she appeared to be too naïve to grasp the political game. Another possibility is another acquaintance of Mother Hildegarde, Monsieur Forez (which I would discuss next).
 
 
At this stage, the reader has to keep in mind that the Duke might be aware of a young boy stealing letters for Jamie.
 
Monsieur Forez might be a Jacobite Supporter
 
Monsieur Forez is the hangman that Claire met at the hospital in Paris where she offered her services.  He is one of the characters that gives a certain feeling of unease. Here are some highlights concerning his role.

  • He gives Claire a jar containing the fat of hanged criminals, which is used to alleviate rheumatism and pain in the joints. The lid has a fleur-de-lys on it. In the third book, Voyager, there is a reference to this fleur-de-lys; Geillis’ slaves seem to have a mark that looks like a fleur-de-lys. However, closer observation reveals that it is a sixteen-petaled  rose, the Jacobite emblem of Charles Stuart. Did Geillis prepare this particular ointment for Monsieur Forez? This question will be discussed in a subsequent post. What is important here to consider is that the realization of the slaves’ mark being the emblem of Prince Charles is something that both Claire and Jamie do not notice at first glance, and the same might be applied to this particular lid.
  • At certain point, he has to do an assignment in England, and asks Claire whether she needs to send a message to anybody there. Claire mentions that as a widow, she does not have any relatives or friends there. Of course, this answer is very odd and suspicious, and it seems that somebody is trying to get information about Claire’s background. Could it be the Duke? Is Monsieur Forez spying for the Duke?
  • His disturbing description of the traitor’s death is a speech designed to intimidate Jamie. The mood is tense during this conversation. The reader has to keep in mind that Jamie is an outlaw in England / Scotland, and a traitor among the Jacobites in Paris even though he hangs around Prince Charles as a friend.
  • These events associated with Monsieur Forez take place after Jamie’s refusal of the Duke of Sandringham’s offer of pardon.

Next post about this topic will be about Dougal MacKenzie and the Comte of St. Germain.

Finally here is one of my favourite pictures of Geillis Duncan. I like it because of the eye roll and because the actress is very pretty.

 

Excerpts from:

Gabaldon, Diana. Voyager. New York: Bantam Dell, 1994. Print.

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